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    • Article

    Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) | Passive, Active & Hybrid | What's the Difference?

    • News
    • 16 May, 2024
    • Posted by: Tammy van Graan

    The majority of buildings are not built with cellular signal in mind. So, while decent cell reception may be available outside, it significantly decreases once inside. This is because building materials like metal and concrete weaken or block cellular signals.

    Hospitals, Schools, Retail Stores, and other entities often turn to Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) to improve in-building cellular coverage. Deciding which solution is best for your building can be challenging. To help you make an informed decision, we'll be covering the difference between Passive, Active and Hybrid DAS.

    Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) offer a solution to this problem, but the choice can be daunting. So, which one is best suited for your business? 

    Join us for an exclusive online webinar showcasing the power of Zinwave's cutting-edge wireless technology.

     

    What is a DAS System?

    At its core, a Distributed Antenna System (DAS) is a sophisticated network of antennas strategically deployed to amplify cellular and radio signals, ensuring comprehensive coverage and consistent reception. These antennas work together to strengthen signals originating from outdoor sources, such as cell towers, and deliver them to users located within the coverage area.

    Passive DAS

    In the realm of in-building cellular coverage solutions, Passive Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) emerge as the unsung heroes of accessibility and affordability.

    Passive DAS

    The signal source for Passive DAS typically relies on off-air signals. These signals are received and then amplified to enhance cellular coverage within the building. In many cases, the amplifiers used are carrier-agnostic, meaning they can improve cell service for multiple carriers simultaneously, streamlining the process and reducing complexity. Passive components such as coaxial cables, splitters, and taps are utilized to distribute the signals to antennas strategically installed throughout the building for effective broadcasting.

    However, it's essential to note that Passive DAS, primarily relying on passive components, may not be the optimal choice for large buildings necessitating extensive cable runs. The inherent signal loss associated with lengthy cable installations can pose challenges to achieving optimal coverage. Consequently, Passive DAS is typically better suited for small to medium-sized businesses seeking to enhance their cellular connectivity.

    Pros Cons
    Most affordable. May not be ideal for achieving wall-to-wall coverage in large buildings, potentially leaving some areas with weaker signal reception.
    Fast deployment. Coverage depends on existing outside signal strength.
    Fits most buildings. Capacity is determined by cell tower.
    Installation is less complicated. Signal loss naturally occurs with passive components, so long cable runs are not ideal.
    Can support multiple cellular providers.
    Does not require extra equipment to work with multiple carriers.
    Does not need carrier approvals.

       

      While Passive DAS offers a cost-effective and relatively straightforward solution for enhancing cellular coverage, its suitability may vary depending on the size and specific requirements of the building or business. It's essential to consider these factors carefully when evaluating DAS options to ensure optimal performance and value for money.

      Active DAS

      Active DAS takes a more sophisticated approach by converting RF signals into optical or Ethernet signals for distribution. This technology offers greater flexibility and scalability, making it suitable for large-scale deployments and environments with complex connectivity requirements. 

      Active DAS

      The signal source for an Active DAS system can originate from a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) or small cell. These systems receive cellular signals, whether from a single carrier or multiple carriers, which are then converted from radio frequency (RF) analog to digital for transmission. Unlike traditional coaxial cables, fiber optic or ethernet cables are used for this transmission, enabling the conveyance of a stronger signal across longer distances with minimal loss.

      Within the building, Remote Units (RUs) are strategically deployed to convert the digital signals back to analog. These RUs are connected to antennas, typically via coaxial cables, to deliver robust 2G, 3G, 4G LTE, and 5G cellular signals throughout the premises. However, it's worth noting that some Active DAS systems forego using coax cables entirely, further streamlining the installation process.

      The design of Active DAS systems is inherently scalable, offering unmatched coverage and capacity. However, their deployment and maintenance costs are significant, making them more suitable for large buildings and campuses with substantial connectivity requirements.

      Pros Cons
      Provides the best coverage. More expensive.
      Can add capacity. Longer to deployment and maintenance, requiring an investment upfront.
      No limit to the length of cable runs with no signal loss. Installation can be intricate and time-consuming, necessitating professional expertise for proper implementation.
      Ideal for very large buildings.
      Can support multiple cellular providers.

       

      Active DAS systems offer unparalleled coverage and capacity, but the high costs and installation complexities may pose challenges for some businesses. However, for large-scale deployments where connectivity is paramount, Active DAS remains a compelling choice for ensuring seamless cellular coverage throughout the premises.

      Hybrid DAS

      Combining the best of both passive and active systems, Hybrid DAS offers cost-effective solutions with improved performance. By leveraging elements from both technologies, Hybrid DAS optimizes signal distribution, catering to a wide range of environments and deployment scenarios. Hybrid DAS systems strike a balance between affordability and functionality, making them a popular choice for various applications.

      Hybrid Das System

      Similar to Active DAS, Hybrid DAS systems convert received signals from analog to digital and then back to analog for seamless transmission. These systems employ a combination of coaxial cables and fiber optic or ethernet cables to convey signals from the source to the antennas. This hybrid approach not only reduces costs but also enables longer cable runs with minimal signal loss. Integrated couplers, splitters, and taps play a crucial role in dividing and distributing signals effectively throughout the building.

       

      One of the key advantages of Hybrid DAS is its ability to deliver superior coverage compared to Passive DAS while remaining more cost-effective than Active DAS. This scalability makes it suitable for buildings of any size, whether small or large.

      Pros Cons
      Cheaper than a stand-alone Active DAS solution. More expensive than Passive DAS, although still more cost-effective than Active DAS.
      Suitable for deployment in buildings of any size, providing scalability and flexibility. Installation may be slightly more challenging compared to Passive DAS due to the integration of both passive and active components.
      Not limited by the length of cables, allowing for extended cable runs without compromising signal quality. Performance usually depends on existing outside signal strength.

       

      In summary, Hybrid DAS presents a compelling solution for businesses in South Africa seeking to improve in-building cellular coverage. With its ability to blend the cost-effectiveness of Passive DAS with the enhanced performance of Active DAS, Hybrid DAS offers a versatile and scalable option to meet the diverse connectivity needs of buildings across the country. 

      What are the Different Types of DAS Systems?

      The signal source and distribution system can be mixed and matched to create the perfect DAS for your business. These are the different types of DAS systems you can get:

      • Off-Air Passive DAS
      • Off-Air Hybrid DAS
      • Small Cell Active DAS
      • Small Cell Hybrid DAS
      • BTS Active DAS
      • BTS Hybrid DAS

        Where Can DAS Be Used?

        Distributed antenna systems can be deployed in buildings of varying sizes across any industry, such as:

        How Can I Get a DAS System?

        Choosing the optimal DAS for your building hinges on several factors, including your signal environment, coverage requirements, and budgetary constraints. To guarantee the selection of the most suitable system, it’s important to get in contact with an experienced DAS systems provider. Their expertise will guide you through the entire process, from understanding your specific needs to meticulous deployment, ensuring optimal performance every step of the way.

        Bolton Technical has emerged as a frontrunner in delivering state-of-the-art DAS Systems. By harnessing the latest WilsonPro and Zinwave equipment, we craft bespoke DAS solutions perfectly suited to your requirements. If you're eager to explore DAS options, reach out to us at JHB 011-749-3085 or CPT 021-879-3057 or via email at sales@boltontechnical.co.za